3D Numerical Modeling and Quantification of Oblique Wave Forces on Coastal Bridge Superstructures

Simply supported bridges comprise the majority of bridge systems in coastal communities and are susceptible to severe damage from extreme waves induced by storms or tsunamis. However, effects oblique wave impacts have been less investigated due lack appropriate numerical models. To address this issue, study investigates incident angles on superstructures developing an advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Different scenarios, including height, relative clearance, angle, wavelength tested. It is found that maximum forces horizontal longitudinal directions could reach 1901 862 kN under conditions, respectively, destroying bearing connections. Three surrogate models, i.e., Gaussian Kriging model, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), established correlating parameters with forces. Through comparisons among three it 3-order PCE model has better performance predicting loads vertical directions, while ANN more suitable for results direction. This contributes optimized design also offers opportunity future studies investigate hazard damage-mitigation measures.